by Dr. Sharanbasappa Hatti, Senior consultant-Surgical oncology, HCG Cancer Center – Kalburgi
In today’s fast-paced world, where sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary habits have become the norm, the risk of various diseases, including cancer, has increased significantly. With the rise in obesity, stress, and lack of physical activity, it’s essential to educate ourselves about the dangers lurking in the shadows. One such threat is bone cancer, a condition that affects millions worldwide.
Types of Bone Cancer
Bone cancer encompasses various types, each with distinct characteristics and prognoses. The primary forms of bone cancer include Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s Sarcoma, and Chordoma. Osteosarcoma, also known as osteogenic sarcoma, is an aggressive cancer originating in bone tissue, predominantly affecting children and young adults. Chondrosarcoma develops in cartilage, commonly affecting adults over 40. Ewing’s Sarcoma is a rare, highly malignant cancer typically affecting children and adolescents. Chordoma is a slow-growing cancer that develops in the spine and base of the skull.
Symptoms of Bone Cancer
Recognizing the symptoms of bone cancer is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. Common signs include persistent bone pain or tenderness, swelling or redness near the affected bone, fatigue or unexplained weight loss, limited mobility or decreased range of motion, and fractures or broken bones without apparent cause.
Causes and Risk Factors
Although the exact causes of bone cancer are unknown, several factors increase the risk. These include genetic predisposition, previous radiation exposure, Paget’s disease (a bone disorder), and family history of bone cancer.
Diagnosis and Staging
Diagnosing bone cancer involves multiple steps. Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans are used to visualize the tumor. A biopsy is conducted to confirm cancer by removing a tissue sample. Staging determines the cancer’s spread and aggressiveness.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cancer type, stage, and overall health. Surgical options involve removing the tumor and surrounding tissue. Chemotherapy uses medications to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy employs targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells. Targeted therapy utilizes medications that specifically attack cancer cells.
Prevention and Early Detection
While there’s no definitive way to prevent bone cancer, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk. This includes engaging in regular exercise through weight-bearing activities, following a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and scheduling regular check-ups to monitor for symptoms and address concerns. By understanding bone cancer and adopting a proactive approach, individuals can better navigate the complexities of this disease.
Bone cancer is a serious disease that requires attention and awareness. Educating yourself about the risks, symptoms, and treatment options can empower you to take proactive steps towards prevention and early detection. Maintain a healthy lifestyle, stay informed, and consult a medical professional if you suspect any unusual bone-related symptoms.